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Project KEGA: Social Determinants of Critical Thinking…

Social Determinants of Critical Thinking and Their Reflection in the Innovation of Teaching Media Literacy at Universities

Project KEGA 017UKF-4/2024

Project duration: 2024 – 2026

Principal Investigator: Mgr. Andrea Chlebcová Hečková, PhD.

About the Project:

In the project, we focus on the innovative approaches to enhancing media literacy education at universities in the context of the influence of the social environment on the ability to think critically with an emphasis on the issue of the critical thinking skills of the university-educated
population, specifically considering communications published in online media. The project covers the deficiencies in the current research and methodology of processing this question of the existence of determinants influencing critical thinking, namely the social environment. The focus and dimension of the project, especially in education about the media and information environment, are currently not reflected by any educational initiative. In this context, not even research initiatives in Slovakia address this issue.
In this case, the target group is an educated population. This approach eliminates the factor that influences the development of critical thinking skills of an individual, which is currently one of the most presented, namely the education level sufficiency of the recipients. The project aims to offer a new perspective on the factors that influence the ability of critical thinking in the context of communications published in online media, namely the social environment factors. At the same time, it reflects the problem of dejournalization of the media environment, which causes the spread of media communications, especially in the online environment, without applying standard journalistic procedures ensuring, for instance, the value of the truth and the maximum possible degree of objectivity.

The Main Objective of the Project

The project's main objective is to innovate the Media Literacy subject, emphasizing critical thinking in the context of the social environment's influence. This effort aims to update Media Literacy in higher education to reflect current changes in mass media communication, particularly its implementation in the online environment, specifically (but not exclusively) through social networks. The new content of teaching the subject of Media Literacy will also focus on the ability to develop critical thinking from a minimally researched and methodologically covered view in Slovakia, namely the influence of the social environment on the ability to identify disinformation in online media.

Partial Objectives of the Project:

1. Research on the influence of the social environment on university students‘ critical thinking:

To identify yet insufficiently researched factors of impact on the (in)ability of university students to detect hoaxes, disinformation, and conspiracy theories in online media. These factors, which we aim to determine in the project by triangulation of quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative (focus groups) research, belong to the area of the social environment, which we perceive within the project from two perspectives:
a. socialization as such (what kind of social background a person comes from)
b. the current social situation.

2. Creation of non-formal methodological educational outputs on the issue of critical thinking in the context of the influence of the social environment:

The aim is to develop specific methodological manuals on critical thinking for teaching the subject Media Literacy, reflecting research findings on how the social environment influences university students‘ (in)ability to identify hoaxes and disinformation in online media.

3. Creation of informal methodological educational outputs on the issue of critical thinking in the context of the influence of the social environment:

The aim is to create specific teaching materials (website, videos, podcasts, posts on social networks) that will be used not only by the department or the University that submits the project but also by other departments or educational institutions. Therefore, the intention is to create a comprehensive and effective educational tool to help prevent online hoaxes and disinformation among university students. This tool will be applied and tested primarily in the modified teaching of Media Literacy for journalism students. Subsequently, it will be adapted for use in study plans for other programs or disciplines within the Faculty of Arts or the whole University, regardless of their connection to journalism or mass media communication.

Project Outputs

International Scientific Conference

MEDIG 2025: Media and Information Literacy in the Post-Factual Era.

One of the project outputs was the international scientific conference MEDIG 2025: Media and Information Literacy in the Post-Factual Era.

The conference was held in Nitra on 15 October 2025 and was organised by our department.

More information about the conference is available here: Conference MEDIG 2025

The conference papers were presented in Slovak, Czech, and English.

In the summer of 2026, two books of abstracts containing the abstracts of the presented papers were published. One contains the abstracts of papers presented in English: read the book of abstracts of papers presented in English.

The other contains the abstracts of papers presented in Slovak or Czech: read the book of abstracts of papers presented in Czech and Slovak.

Two conference proceedings containing the full papers are scheduled for publication in September 2026: one comprising papers in English and the other papers in Slovak and Czech.

Inovation of Education

Experiential Learning through the Escape Game: The Box of Truth.

Under the leadership of Mgr. Zuzana Kozárová, PhD., the project team designed and developed an educational activity aimed at fostering critical thinking through experiential learning. This resulted in the creation of the escape game The Box of Truth, accompanied by two methodological guides: one for its implementation in Slovak and the other for its use in English.

Read the methodological guide Úniková hra: Skrinka pravdy (metodická príručka) – in Slovak Language.

Read the methodological guide Escape Game: The Box of Truth – in English.

The planned project outputs also include academic articles, an additional methodological guide, and educational videos.

All project outputs will be available on a dedicated project website, which is expected to be launched in October 2026.